Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming model that organizes software design around data and objects rather than functions and logic.
What is Object Oriented Programming?
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming model that organizes software design around data and objects rather than functions and logic. Objects can be defined as data fields with specific attributes and behaviors.
OOP focuses on the objects developers want to work with, rather than the logic required to manipulate those objects. This programming technique is suitable for programs that are large, complex, and frequently updated or maintained. These include manufacturing and design, and mobile application programs. For example, OOP can be used for manufacturing system simulation software.
The organization of object-oriented programs also favors collaborative development, where projects are divided into groups. Other benefits of OOP include code reusability, scalability, and efficiency.
The first step in OOP is to collect all the objects a programmer wants to work with and identify how they are related to each other. This is a task called data modeling. Examples of objects range from physical entities like humans described by properties such as names and addresses to small computer programs like widgets.
When an object is recognized, it is tagged with the object’s class, which defines the type of data it contains and the logical sequence in which it can be manipulated. Each unique logical sequence is called a method. Objects can communicate using well-defined interfaces called messages.
How is object-oriented programming structured? Object-oriented programming constructs or constructs include:
A class is a user-defined data type that serves as a blueprint for individual objects, attributes, and methods.
An object is an instance of a class created with specially defined data. Objects can correspond to real objects or abstract entities. The description is the only object defined when the class is first defined.
A method is a function defined within a class that describes the behavior of an object. Each method in the class definition begins with a reference to the instance object. Subroutines contained in objects are also called instance methods. A programmer uses methods for reusability or he keeps the functionality encapsulated in one object at a time.
Attributes are defined in the class template and represent the state of the object. Objects have data stored in attribute forms. Class attributes belong to the class itself.
This image shows an example of structure and naming in OOP.
What are the main principles of OOP?
Object-oriented programming is based on the following principles:
Encapsulation. This principle states that all material information is contained in the object and only selected information is disclosed. Each object’s implementation and state is kept private within the class in which it is defined. No other object has access to this class or permission to make any changes. Only a list of public functions or methods can be called. This property of data hiding increases program security and prevents accidental data corruption.
abstraction. Objects expose only the internal mechanisms relevant to the use of other objects, hiding unnecessary implementation code. You can extend the functionality of derived classes. This concept helps developers make additional changes and additions more easily over time.
Estate. Classes can reuse code from other classes. Relationships and subclasses between objects can be assigned, enabling developers to reuse common logic while still maintaining a unique hierarchy. This property of OOP forces a more thorough data analysis, reduces development time and ensures a higher level of accuracy.
Polymorphism. Objects are designed to share behaviors and they can take on more than
